Wednesday, May 13, 2015

EDU 6630 - Graduate Seminar Reflection

Brett Santo
EDU 6630 - Graduate Seminar
Dr. David McGough
May 13, 2015

Course Reflection

            At first, being able to personally design much of this Master’s program seemed to be a rather daunting task. However, after having completed my first Graduate Seminar, (in which I feel is rather analogous to an Independent Study of sorts), some of my anxieties have been assuaged.

            I would like to start by touching upon my own revelations as they relate to my personal studies in leadership. Firstly, I have gained a better understanding of how to become a better learner as it relates to many facets of my life, not just in educational paradigms. According to leadership theorist James MacGregor Burns, leaders must aspire to become perpetual learners, as this task should not be difficult, due to the experiential nature of our lives. He believes that leaders are constantly “learning from experience, learning from people, learning from successes and failures, and learning from leaders and followers” (Burns, 2010, p. 63). I have definitely learned a plethora of concepts during this class time. Specifically, this class has taught me the importance of listening, being able to agree to disagree, and time management prioritization.

            With regard to listening, I found it intriguing to listen to my classmates varying perspectives. As a gregarious individual who often jumps at the opportunity to answer a question, I found that sitting back and listening intently sometimes provided me with invaluable lessons both related to content and personal growth. By holding my tongue, I was able to hear a person’s full perspective, and often become enlightened by their own original ideas. Additionally, as an aspiring leader, it is crucial for me to learn not to interrupt, because by doing so, I would belittle my fellow colleagues, and thus not uphold the ideals of being a true leader. Robert Greenleaf, another leadership theorist, feels that as leaders, we should empower others to be part of the process, and provide them with as much responsibility as the next person, irrespective of title or position. Greenleaf succinctly and directly states, “No one should be powerless! (Greenleaf, 2002, p. 98). Based on my experiences in this class, I will work to ensure that my future conversations will revolve around the importance of listening.  

            Learning to agree to disagree is certainly a skill that is appropriate in the field of leadership as well as life in general. By being part of this class - in fact, by being one of the few non-teachers in the class - provided me with an opportunity to see into a world in which I was unfamiliar. Furthermore, there were often times when I would completely disagree with my classmates’ perspectives, and those conversations proved to be instrumental. I recall several instances when discussing the concepts of standardization, children’s inherent motivation, and executive functioning where I disagreed with the majority of the class. Although I held true to my own beliefs regarding those matters, my classmates felt strongly about the opposing arguments. As a leader, it is important to hold true to your beliefs, but it is even more important to be willing to hear the beliefs of others as well. These classes proved to be instrumental in my own growth as it relates to leadership as I gained insight and understanding in how to be okay with others’ opinions differing from my own. Due to the protean nature of our society, answers are no longer concrete, but rather ambiguous and multifaceted. Accordingly, as leaders and as citizens, we must be willing to - excuse the colloquialism - roll with the punches, and move forward irrespective of our differences.

            Time management is one of the most important characteristics among leaders and many people in this fast-paced world. Accordingly, this semester proved instrumental in my growth as it relates to re-prioritization and multitasking. I have been adjusting to being enrolled in a Master’s program while working full-time at a college, and I have to be honest - this is an arduous task at times. In the beginning of the semester, when tasked with constructing my own plan of study, I was truly at a loss. Thus, I resorted to the only method I had become accustomed to related to schoolwork - organization. Specifically, it was recommended that I read at least 3 seminal works on leadership theory, and subsequently provide a literature review at the conclusion of the semester. Accordingly, being a 12 week semester, I broke down my time to 2.5 weeks per book, and almost 2 weeks at the end to write the paper. At first, this seemed like the pragmatic course of action, however, logic sometimes falters while life jumps forward. Halfway through the semester, I had only read half of 1 book, and 70 pages of another. I believed that my leadership endeavor was going to end there. However, I came to realize that my mistake was that I was actually following my schedule to a tee too specifically. Rather than allowing my brain to flow through books at a pace it deemed comfortable and enjoyable, I was scheduling time, which made my exploration more obligatory than enlightening. Upon realizing this, I immediately altered my ways, and was able to complete my 3 books, an article, and write a cohesive paper two weeks before the deadline. Leadership theorist Warren Bennis believes that mistakes are not detrimental to leaders, but rather necessary. Bennis sees true value in mistakes, and in fact explains that leaders “Not only believe in the necessity of mistakes, they see them as virtually synonymous with growth and progress” (Bennis, 2009, p. 89). This class has taught me to become more malleable, and this will certainly prove conducive in my future studies.

            Initially, I was rather apathetic to the idea of coming to class and hearing about other people’s projects, as I felt the myriad of topics would have no connection to my own work. Contrastingly, I was certainly mistaken, as these conversations and debates in class proved to be rather useful. I feel that this class, although not geared toward a common goal as it relates to content, allowed for such diverse dialogue to commence that it was nearly impossible not to touch upon everyone’s topic at least once in a conversation, and my topic of leadership was certainly covered. As stated above, this class helped me to understand the ubiquitous nature of many leadership characteristics that I have studied thus far. I am very excited to have completed approximately half of my necessary credits needed to complete this program, and I look forward to my future studies.


Bennis, W. (2009). On becoming a leader (20th anniversary ed.). New York, New York: Basic Books.

Burns, J. (2010). Leadership (First Harper Perennial Political Classics Edition ed.). New York, New York: HarperPerennial.

Greenleaf, R. (2002). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness (25th anniversary ed.). New York, New York: Paulist Press.

Saturday, May 9, 2015

EDU 6555 Final Reflection

Brett Santo
Dr. David McGough
EDU 6555 - Critical & Cultural Perspectives in Education
May 9, 2015
Course Reflection

I have had the privilege of being in the Critical and Cultural Perspectives class during this spring semester of 2015, and as a result, have been enlightened with a breadth of new information regarding educational institutions and paradigms. One of the most enthralling concepts introduced in this class was that of a critique. Being an inquisitive person, I find it necessary to perpetually question everything, so as to ascertain the closest thing to truth that one can attain in this ambiguous and protean world. The idea of a critique, (a process in which a person questions something, becomes illuminated with new insights, and then subsequently applies their new perspectives to the aforementioned concept), is directly applicable to many areas of life. I found that taking this perspective and applying it to various areas of study proved to be instrumental in broadening my understanding of many concepts. I have come to question the norms and status quo of society and societal-constructed beliefs, and I find this to be enlightening. Learning how to critique, and ultimately expanding on the importance of questioning everything has made me a even more of a perpetual learner, and I will continue to critique the world around me so as to gain a bit more understanding of this complex endeavor that we call life.

The critique that we most focused on in this class was the role of Democracy in education. Specifically, we aspired to understand the aims of democracy and their place in educational institutions. Upon completion of this course and its various assignments, I have gained a deeper understanding of this topic. Furthermore, I have reaffirmed some of my previous beliefs, and have been illuminated by new insightful information as well. Before taking this class, I had the inclination that education was about getting people to think critically and to provide them with the knowledge that will prove useful in future endeavors. One assignment that supported my contention was the book assignment - (I was directed to read Education and Democracy in the 21st Century by Nel Noddings). This book provided me with several important insights, including the idea of pedagogical neutrality, lateral thinking, teachable moments, and the importance of being a teacher that allows students to discover what they are passionate about. In her book, Noddings describes pedagogical neutrality as “a willingness to consider all reasonable points of view without endorsing one as the absolute truth” (Noddings, 2013, p. 63). I find this directly aligns with my idea of questioning everything. Rather than simply accepting the subjectively defined truths of the world, it is important to consider all points of view when directed with a problem. Another passage from the book that resonated with me was the following:

Teachers — real teachers — offer much wonderful material that will be received differentially, used eagerly by some students and largely ignored by others. Offering such material is basic to teaching because, with Dewey, we believe that the function of education is to help students find out what they are ‘fitted to do’. It is not to force exactly the same curriculum on all students with the promise that, if they obey and learn, they will have a successful future doing something or other (Noddings, 2013, p. 125)

I found this passage to be inspiring, as I feel that standardization of curriculum and attention to data-driven results is truly hindering our educational institutions, and is one of the many things that needs to be changed. Furthermore, by allowing a student to find something that they are passionate about, they will in turn become inherently motivated to pursue that goal. Having delved into many realms of psychological study, I can honestly say that when a person has a personal drive and connection to something, they will be more likely to follow through with it, as well as be successful. This should certainly be the aim of our educational institutions, and I upon reaffirming my belief, I will always be evaluating to see that any institution that I become involved with will uphold these ideals.

In terms of new ideas that came to fruition upon completion of the class and its assignments, some included the ideals of colleagueship and advocacy. As I mentioned previously, I had simply believed education to be a venue for creative thinking and personal growth. This was affirmed, however, there is much more to the picture as well. My inquiry project provided me with several concepts that I have come to accept as some of the aims of democracy - these are colleagueship and advocacy. Before engaging in this assignment, I was unsure of what some of the aims of democracy could be. However, after carefully analyzing and critiquing the roles of colleagueship and advocacy in my educational institution, I have come to understand that establishing relationships and advocating for those around you are crucial in a democratic society. Furthermore, I have learned that offering opportunities for everyone to become their own advocate may prove conducive for the institution in many ways. Firstly, to discover that advocacy and colleagueship are very closely related was a true revelation. Before this assignment, I naively believed them to be separate entities - and I never considered them in terms of a democracy - however through my analysis, I came to realize that one of the best types of relationships is one in which both parties are advocating for each other. Secondly, I have learned that an equitable environment will flourish when working in an institution that values advocacy and colleagueship. 

In addition to critiquing the aims of democracy, this class has provided me with information about this country as a whole. Specifically, there have been many articles that have stressed the abhorrent truth that the American Dream doesn't exist, and that we are no longer a land of opportunity, but rather a land of class battles, power struggles, and inequitable opportunities put in place to assure the capitalistic endeavors of the country succeed in some way. 

As a result of learning all of this information, I can truly say that I cannot wait to be influential enough to potentially change policies and practices for the better. After all, as you would say Dr. Mcgough - Habermas believed that our speech acts are our only way to turn our knowledge into change.

References
Noddings, N. (2013). Education and democracy in the 21st century. New York, New York: Teachers College Press.